Whether Grant of Anticipatory Bail Can Be Confirmed When the Accused is Implicated Solely on a Co-Accused’s Disclosure and Has Joined Investigation?

The judgment reaffirms that when an accused person, implicated only on the basis of a co-accused’s disclosure statement, has duly joined investigation and no recovery has been made from them, interim anticipatory bail may be confirmed, with standard conditions under Section 482(2) BNSS (formerly Section 438(2) CrPC). This approach follows existing precedent and is binding for all subordinate courts dealing with anticipatory bail under similar circumstances in excise offence matters.

 

Summary

Category Data
Case Name CRM-M/43365/2025 of ANKIT Vs STATE OF HARYANA
CNR PHHC011253402025
Date of Registration 07-08-2025
Decision Date 30-10-2025
Disposal Nature ALLOWED
Judgment Author Ms. Justice Aaradhna Sawhney
Court High Court of Punjab and Haryana
Bench Single Bench – Ms. Justice Aaradhna Sawhney
Precedent Value Binding on subordinate courts within jurisdiction
Type of Law Criminal law – Anticipatory bail under Excise Act (Punjab Excise Act, 1914, Haryana Amendment Bill, 2020)
Questions of Law Whether anticipatory bail can be confirmed for an accused only named in a co-accused’s disclosure statement, who joined the investigation and from whom no recovery has been made.
Ratio Decidendi
  • The Court held that since the petitioner had duly joined the investigation and was not required for further inquiry, and since no recovery had been effected from him, the interim protection of bail previously granted deserved to be confirmed.
  • The Court made this confirmation subject to the usual statutory conditions.
  • The Court also considered that the implication of the petitioner was solely on the statement of a co-accused who himself was not apprehended from the spot and was already granted pre-arrest bail.
  • State’s counsel confirmed the petitioner’s cooperation and lack of recovery, supporting confirmation of bail.
  • The judgment follows the statutory protocol under Section 482(2) of BNSS and restricts the bail to standard safeguards, ensuring no tampering with evidence, no influence on witnesses, and compliance with investigatory requirements.
Judgments Relied Upon
  • Order of the Hon’ble Supreme Court dated 06.10.2025 in SLP (Crl.) No.15193 of 2025 (regarding no coercive action subject to cooperation).
  • Prior bail order for similarly placed co-accused (order dated 13.06.2025 by Additional Sessions Judge).
Logic / Jurisprudence / Authorities Relied Upon by the Court
  • Reliance on cooperation with investigation, absence of recovery, principle against granting custodial interrogation when not necessary, and parity with similarly placed co-accused.
Facts as Summarised by the Court
  • The petitioner was booked under Section 61 of the Punjab Excise Act, 1914 (as amended in Haryana).
  • He was not arrested at the scene and was named only on the basis of a co-accused’s disclosure statement.
  • The co-accused was also not apprehended at the spot and had already secured anticipatory bail.
  • The petitioner joined investigation as directed, and no recovery was made from him.
  • The State confirmed his cooperation and lack of further requirement for investigation.

Practical Impact

Category Impact
Binding On All subordinate courts in Punjab and Haryana regarding anticipatory bail in similar excise offence circumstances
Persuasive For Other High Courts considering anticipatory bail where implication is on disclosure alone and there is cooperation
Follows Supreme Court order dated 06.10.2025 in SLP (Crl.) No.15193/2025, and bail order dated 13.06.2025 for co-accused

What’s New / What Lawyers Should Note

  • The judgment confirms that anticipatory bail can be made absolute for an accused named only on the basis of a co-accused’s disclosure if there is no recovery from them and they have joined the investigation.
  • Standard bail conditions under Section 482(2) BNSS (earlier Section 438(2) CrPC) continue to apply.
  • Parity with similarly placed and already bailed co-accused is a relevant factor.
  • Cooperation with the investigation is a crucial safeguard against custodial interrogation.
  • State’s confirmation of non-requirement for further custodial interrogation strengthens the bail plea.

Summary of Legal Reasoning

  • The Court considered the fact that the petitioner was not apprehended at the scene and was implicated solely due to a disclosure statement by his co-accused, Sumit.
  • The co-accused, Sumit, who was similarly situated, had already been granted anticipatory bail by the Additional Sessions Judge.
  • Supreme Court’s interim restraint on coercive steps in a similar matter (SLP (Crl.) No.15193 of 2025) was noted, with the condition of cooperation with the investigation.
  • The State confirmed proper cooperation by the petitioner, his joining of investigation, absence of recovery, and lack of necessity for further custodial interrogation.
  • Interim anticipatory bail already granted was accordingly confirmed on standard conditions, following settled statutory protocol and respecting parity.
  • Bail was conditioned on compliance with all statutory requirements, including joining future investigation, not tampering with evidence, not influencing witnesses, and not leaving the country without permission.

Arguments by the Parties

Petitioner

  • Challenged implication as being based solely on a disclosure statement of the co-accused, Sumit, who himself was not arrested at the spot.
  • Contended that the co-accused Sumit had already been granted pre-arrest bail.
  • Asserted compliance with all directions to join investigation.

State

  • On instructions from ASI Sandeep Kumar, confirmed that the petitioner had joined investigation.
  • Stated that the petitioner was no longer required for further investigation.
  • Indicated that no recovery had been made from the petitioner.

Factual Background

The case concerns an FIR (No. 300 of 28.05.2025) registered under Section 61 of the Punjab Excise Act, 1914 (Haryana Amendment Bill, 2020) at Police Station Industrial Sector 29, Panipat, Haryana. The petitioner was not arrested at the spot but was implicated only on the basis of a disclosure statement made by a co-accused, Sumit, who had already secured anticipatory bail. The petitioner duly joined investigation; the State confirmed that neither any recovery was made from him nor was his custodial interrogation needed.

Statutory Analysis

  • The Court applied Section 61 of the Punjab Excise Act, 1914 (as amended in Haryana), governing the substantive offence.
  • The Court invoked Section 482(2) BNSS, 2023 (replacing Section 438(2) CrPC), for pre-arrest bail and mandatory bail conditions, such as joining investigation, not tampering with evidence, not influencing witnesses, and not leaving the country without permission.
  • No interpretation or expansion of other statutory provisions was undertaken.

Dissenting / Concurring Opinion Summary

No separate concurring or dissenting opinions are recorded in the judgment.

Procedural Innovations

No new procedural rules, changes to evidence requirements, or sui generis guidelines were issued by the Court in this case.

Alert Indicators

  • ✔ Precedent Followed – The decision follows established precedent regarding anticipatory bail and statutory compliance under excise offences, particularly where implication is only on a co-accused’s disclosure and cooperation with investigation is established.

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