Can Repeated Litigation Prevent Demolition of Unauthorised Construction When Sanction Plan is Absent? (Calcutta High Court Affirms Illegality of Unsanctioned Structures)

The Calcutta High Court upheld that constructions made without a sanctioned plan, especially when recognized as such by the concerned authority, must be demolished irrespective of repeated litigation; the precedent affirms and reinforces established municipal law principles and serves as binding authority within West Bengal.

 

Summary

Category Data
Case Name FMA/1037/2025 of SRIMANTA BODHAK AND ORS Vs AMIYA KUMAR RAKSHIT AND ORS
CNR WBCHCA0271212025
Date of Registration 17-06-2025
Decision Date 29-10-2025
Disposal Nature DISMISSED
Judgment Author HON’BLE JUSTICE RAJASEKHAR MANTHA, HON’BLE JUSTICE APURBA SINHA RAY
Court Calcutta High Court
Bench Division Bench (Rajasekhar Mantha, J. & Apurba Sinha Ray, J.)
Precedent Value Binding precedent in West Bengal; persuasive elsewhere
Overrules / Affirms Affirms order of learned Single Judge; upholds established requirement for sanction plan
Type of Law Municipal / Property / Construction Law
Questions of Law Whether unauthorized constructions without a sanction plan must be demolished despite repeated rounds of litigation.
Ratio Decidendi
  • The Division Bench held that where facts clearly show the absence of a sanctioned plan for construction and the local authority finds the construction to be illegal, mere repetitive litigation or lack of representation in earlier proceedings does not validate the illegality.
  • The requirement of sanction plan is upheld, and authorities are justified in directing demolition.
  • The single judge’s order for demolition stands unaltered.
  • Appellant’s arguments regarding absence of requirement of sanction plan were untenable, evidenced by their vendor’s prior application for such a plan.
  • The process of law must not be subverted through repeated challenges; the remedy lies in compliance, not further litigation.
Judgments Relied Upon None expressly cited
Logic / Jurisprudence / Authorities Relied Upon by the Court
  • Authority of local body (Howrah Zilla Parishad) to determine legality;
  • Evidence of absence of plan;
  • Procedural regularity in affording appellants chance for self-demolition
Facts as Summarised by the Court
  • The dispute concerned construction made by appellants without a sanctioned plan under the jurisdiction of the Howrah Zilla Parishad.
  • Despite being noticed in earlier writ petitions, the appellants failed to appear.
  • The writ petition leading to the challenged order was the third such attempt by the respondents, with appellants represented only in the third round.
  • The Parishad determined the construction was illegal; appellants did not heed notice to self-demolish, leading to a court-directed demolition order now upheld in appeal.

Practical Impact

Category Impact
Binding On All subordinate courts and authorities within West Bengal
Persuasive For Other High Courts and tribunals dealing with municipal construction law
Overrules None
Distinguishes None explicit, but distinguishes non-representation in previous rounds as immaterial
Follows Established principles regarding requirement of sanctioned plan and authorities’ power

What’s New / What Lawyers Should Note

  • Reiterates that repeated litigation does not cure or legalize unauthorized construction lacking a sanctioned plan.
  • Affirms that non-representation in earlier writ proceedings does not nullify subsequent enforcement action if opportunity is provided.
  • Holds that local authority’s determination about illegality is conclusive where no sanctioned plan exists and previous applications for sanction are on record.
  • Reaffirms procedure: authorities can direct demolition if self-demolition notice is ignored.

Summary of Legal Reasoning

  • The court noted the undisputed fact that appellants had no sanctioned plan, despite their vendor having sought one in 2001.
  • The Howrah Zilla Parishad, authority for the jurisdiction, found the construction ex facie illegal and without sanction.
  • Appellants’ arguments that no sanction was required were untenable in light of their own vendor’s conduct and the Parishad’s findings.
  • Repeated rounds of litigation, including two earlier writ petitions where appellants were unrepresented, do not affect the procedural or substantive validity of the demolition order, especially as the appellants were represented in the current proceedings.
  • The Division Bench found that the single judge’s direction for demolition—issued after procedural opportunity for self-demolition was ignored—was justified, thus dismissal of the appeal was warranted.
  • No costs awarded; all parties to act on the server copy of the order.

Arguments by the Parties

Petitioner (Appellants)

  • Contended that no sanction plan was required for the construction.
  • Challenged the order for demolition.

State / Howrah Zilla Parishad / Respondent No.1

  • Upheld that the construction was illegal for want of a sanction plan.
  • Asserted that the Howrah Zilla Parishad’s finding of illegality was proper.
  • Noted appellants ignored self-demolition notice.

Factual Background

  • The dispute involved the construction by appellants on property under Howrah Zilla Parishad’s jurisdiction.
  • Respondents (writ petitioners) had initiated three rounds of litigation over this construction.
  • Appellants were not represented in prior writ petitions but participated in the current one.
  • Howrah Zilla Parishad determined the construction was made without a required sanctioned plan.
  • Parishad issued notice for self-demolition, which was not complied with, leading to the court-ordered demolition.

Statutory Analysis

  • The judgment emphasizes the legal necessity of a sanctioned plan for construction as required under the jurisdiction of Howrah Zilla Parishad.
  • Authority of local municipal/parishad bodies to enforce demolition of unsanctioned constructions, especially after giving an opportunity for self-demolition, is upheld.

Dissenting / Concurring Opinion Summary

No dissenting or separate concurring opinion; both judges concurred in the final order.

Procedural Innovations

  • The court directed that all parties may act on a server copy of the order downloaded from the court’s official website.

Alert Indicators

  • ✔ Precedent Followed – The judgment affirms established law regarding sanction plans and the authority of local bodies to demolish illegal constructions.

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Recent Comments

No comments to show.